Everyone knows from chemistry lessons that amino acids are the “building blocks” for building proteins. There are amino acids that our body is able to synthesize on its own, and there are also those that are supplied only from the outside, along with nutrients. Let's look at amino acids (list), their role in the body, and from what products they come to us.
The role of amino acids
Our cells constantly have a need for amino acids. Food proteins are broken down into amino acids in the intestines. After this, the amino acids are absorbed into the bloodstream, where new proteins are synthesized depending on the genetic program and the requirements of the body. We obtain essential amino acids, the list of which is presented below, from foods. The body synthesizes replaceable ones on its own. In addition to the fact that amino acids are structural components of proteins, they also synthesize various substances. The role of amino acids in the body is enormous. Non-proteinogenic and proteinogenic amino acids are precursors of nitrogenous bases, vitamins, hormones, peptides, alkaloids, romediators and many other significant compounds. For example, vitamin PP is synthesized from tryptophan; hormones norepinephrine, thyroxine, adrenaline - from tyrosine. Pantothenic acid is formed from the amino acid valine. Proline is a cell protector from many stresses, such as oxidative stress.
The effect of lysine on the body
The substance is found in a significant amount of proteins. The amino acid ensures adequate functioning of the body.
The chemical formula looks like C6H14N2O2
Lysine promotes normal absorption of food proteins. Amino acid deficiency causes a lack of amino acids in the body. An essential compound that affects the growth of muscle tissue. The substance is involved in collagen synthesis. The connective tissue component supports the immune system.
Important! The need for amino acids increases with age. This is especially true for men.
Lack of a balanced diet leads to lysine deficiency, which affects the functioning of organs and systems. Amino acid deficiency is often observed in vegetarians.
The following beneficial properties of lysine are called:
- elimination of elevated cholesterol levels due to synthesis with the formation of carnitine in the liver;
- strengthening bone tissue by slowing down the excretion of calcium;
- antiviral effects, for example, inhibition of herpes diseases;
- protection from stress due to its anti-anxiety effect;
- analgesia and anti-inflammatory qualities;
- prevention of pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, in particular angina.
The main functions of amino acids are:
- participation in the absorption and accumulation of calcium;
- regulation of the level of serotonin, which is the hormone of joy;
- fat metabolism, influence on the process of weight loss;
- collagen synthesis;
- decrease in the concentration of low-density lipoproteins;
- strengthening the production of antibodies necessary for immunity;
- improving concentration and memory.
Lysine promotes tissue restoration after surgery. The substance has a positive effect on the condition of bone tissue.
Daily requirement
The rate of intake into the body depends on age and weight. It is known that the daily requirement is 23 mg per 1 kg of body weight. This figure increases to 170 mg in children during periods of active growth.
The calculation also takes into account the following factors:
- active sports;
- male gender and mature age;
- vegetarianism.
Signs of deficiency and excess
Elevated amino acid content is not common. Excess lysine can occur due to nervous fatigue and unbalanced nutrition.
Important! The accumulation of the substance in significant quantities reduces immunity, which makes the body susceptible to viral diseases.
Amino acid deficiency is accompanied by:
- depression;
- exacerbation of herpes virus infection;
- weight loss;
- fragility of bone tissue;
- an increase in the blood vessels of the eyeballs;
- frequent headaches;
- decreased appetite.
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The lysine content in foods is controversial. If signs indicating a lack of substance appear, you should pay attention to your diet.
Digestibility
The substance is absorbed with sufficient levels of the following vitamins:
- A;
- WITH;
- IN 1.
The indicators of bioflavonoids, arginine and iron are important. This must be taken into account when planning your diet.
General characteristics of amino acids
Proteins are nitrogen-containing high-molecular organic compounds that are created from amino acid residues and connected by peptide bonds. In other words, these are polymers in which amino acids act as monomers. The protein structure includes hundreds and thousands of amino acid residues connected by peptide bonds. The list of amino acids that are found in nature is quite large; about three hundred of them have been discovered. According to their ability to form part of proteins, amino acids are divided into proteinogenic (“producing protein”, from the words “protein” - protein, “genesis” - to give birth) and non-proteinogenic. In a living organism, the number of proteinogenic amino acids is relatively small, there are only twenty of them. In addition to these standard twenty, modified amino acids can be found in proteins; they are derivatives of regular amino acids. Non-proteinogenic are those that are not part of the protein. There are α, β and γ. All protein amino acids are α-amino acids, they have a characteristic structural feature that can be observed in the image below: the presence of amine and carboxyl groups, they are connected in the α-position by a carbon atom. In addition, each amino acid has its own radical, which is not the same as all others in structure, solubility and electrical charge.
Essential amino acids. Contents in products
Essential amino acids can be obtained by the body only from food or supplements. Their functions are simply irreplaceable in the formation of healthy joints, beautiful hair, and strong muscles. What foods contain this type of amino acid? The list is given below:
• phenylalanine – dairy products, meat, sprouted wheat, oats;
• threonine – dairy products, eggs, meat;
• lysine – legumes, fish, poultry, sprouted wheat, dairy products, peanuts;
• valine – grains, mushrooms, dairy products, meat;
• methionine – peanuts, vegetables, legumes, lean meat, cottage cheese;
• tryptophan – nuts, dairy products, turkey meat, seeds, eggs;
• leucine – dairy products, meat, oats, sprouted wheat;
• isoleucine – poultry, cheese, fish, sprouted wheat, seeds, nuts;
• histidine – sprouted wheat, dairy products, meat.
What foods contain the amino acid lysine?
Lysine is an essential amino acid that the body does not produce. Lysine is necessary for the production of many hormones and enzymes and the development of the body. The role of lysine is great and its deficiency can cause serious diseases. Chastnosti.com magazine will tell you which products contain lysine and what affects the absorption of this element.
What is lysine needed for?
Lysine helps the body defeat many viruses and infections. It is effective against the herpes virus. Studies have found that people who follow a special diet rich in foods containing lysine are less likely to experience relapses of herpes. Lysine is part of the proteins in our body. It can be used by those who want to increase muscle mass or restore damaged tissue after physical activity or injury.
The amino acid supplies our body with energy and breaks down fats. Lysine does not accumulate in the body and cannot cause toxic effects. It helps prevent depression, feelings of constant fatigue and fatigue, as well as headaches.
Lysine deficiency often results in nervousness, loss of appetite and dizziness. Muscle pain and cramps may occur. Red eye syndrome and anemia may occur. Lysine is essential for the body to absorb calcium and is essential in the treatment of osteoporosis. Lysine is also important for the prevention of atherosclerosis, increases libido and erection. With age, the body's need for lysine increases.
A lack of lysine will definitely affect the condition of the hair. They will become brittle and baldness may begin. In women, libido decreases, in men - potency. Lysine deficiency can occur not only due to limited dietary intake, but also due to frequent stress. Nervous fatigue forces the body to consume large amounts of lysine to restore its normal state.
What foods contain lysine?
- Potato
- Wheat
- Eggs
- Nuts
- Meat
- Fish
- Dairy
- Soybeans
- Pork
- Lentils
The largest amount of lysine is found in meat. When eating one serving of meat, the body receives a daily dose of lysine. That is why people who engage in physical labor are recommended to eat meat dishes. This allows you to keep your body in good shape and strengthen your immune system.
Large amounts of lysine are found in turkey, chicken, yogurt and cottage cheese. Lysine breaks down very easily, especially if foods that contain it are combined with sugar. You can compensate for the lack of lysine with cheeses, cod, yeast, spinach and dark dark chocolate.
Plant foods are not as rich in lysine. People who follow vegetable diets are often deficient in lysine. Such diets allow you to lose extra pounds in a short time. However, after returning to a normal diet, the weight returns very quickly.
Lysine is necessary for normal development of the body at any age. In order to avoid problems with joints, nervous system and heart, you need to monitor your diet. Everything a person consumes will definitely affect his health. Essential amino acids cannot be produced by the body, and strict diets and fasting not only effectively reduce weight, but also negatively affect health.
Functions of essential amino acids
All these “building blocks” are responsible for the most important functions of the human body. A person does not think about their quantity, but if there is a lack of them, the work of all systems immediately begins to deteriorate.
Leucine has the following chemical formula: HO₂CCH(NH₂)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂. This amino acid is not synthesized in the human body. Included in natural proteins. Used in the treatment of anemia and liver diseases. Leucine (formula - HO₂CCH(NH₂)CH₂CH(CH₃)₂) is required for the body in an amount of 4 to 6 grams per day. This amino acid is a component of many dietary supplements. As a food additive it is coded E641 (flavor enhancer). Leucine controls the level of blood glucose and leukocytes; when they increase, it activates the immune system to eliminate inflammation. This amino acid plays an important role in muscle formation, bone healing, wound healing, and metabolism.
The amino acid histidine is an important element during the period of growth, during recovery from injuries and illnesses. Improves blood composition and joint function. Helps absorb copper and zinc. With a lack of histidine, hearing is weakened and muscle tissue becomes inflamed.
The amino acid isoleucine is involved in the production of hemoglobin. Increases endurance, energy, controls blood sugar levels. Participates in the formation of muscle tissue. Isoleucine reduces the effects of stress factors. With its deficiency, feelings of anxiety, fear, restlessness arise, and fatigue increases.
The amino acid valine is an incomparable source of energy, renews muscles and keeps them in good shape. Valine is important for the restoration of liver cells (for example, in hepatitis). With a lack of this amino acid, coordination of movements is impaired, and skin sensitivity may also increase.
Methionine is an essential amino acid for the functioning of the liver and digestive system. It contains sulfur, which helps prevent nail and skin diseases and helps in hair growth. Methionine fights toxicosis in pregnant women. When it is deficient, hemoglobin in the body decreases and fat accumulates in liver cells.
Lysine - this amino acid is an assistant in the absorption of calcium, promotes the formation and strengthening of bones. Improves hair structure, produces collagen. Lysine is an anabolic steroid that helps build muscle mass. Participates in the prevention of viral diseases.
Threonine – increases immunity, improves gastrointestinal tract function. Participates in the process of creating collagen and elastin. Prevents fat from being deposited in the liver. Plays a role in the formation of tooth enamel.
Tryptophan is the main responsible for our emotions. The familiar hormone of happiness, serotonin, is produced precisely by tryptophan. When it is normal, your mood improves, sleep normalizes, and biorhythms are restored. It has a beneficial effect on the functioning of the arteries and heart.
Phenylalanine is involved in the production of norepinephrine, which is responsible for the body's wakefulness, activity and energy. It also affects the level of endorphins – joy hormones. Phenylalanine deficiency can lead to the development of depression.
What amino acids are there? What role do amino acids play in the body?
The official definition of amino acids includes any organic compound that contains both a carboxyl and an amino group. Simply put, they are considered the building blocks of proteins. For example, amino acids make up the majority of your muscles and tissues. Protein foods such as meat, fish, poultry and eggs are made up of many different amino acids.
So how many amino acids are there and what is the role of amino acids? There are a total of 20 amino acids in the human body. Each plays a very specific role and is distinguished by its corresponding amino acid side chains. These amino acids are involved in almost every biological process and help in wound healing, hormone production, and immune function. And also in muscle growth, energy production and much more.
Our body needs all the amino acids to function properly. The body produces some of the amino acids itself, while others are taken from food. Getting enough amino acids through food or supplements can help with weight loss. And also in maintaining muscle mass, improving physical activity, mood and sleep.
Essential amino acids in the body and non-essential amino acids
The 20 amino acids that the body needs can be divided into two categories: essential amino acids in the body and non-essential amino acids.
Essential amino acids are not synthesized in the body. This means that essential amino acids are supplied to the body from food. So how many essential amino acids are there in the body?
9 is the number of essential amino acids in the human body that we must obtain through nutrition:
- Lysine : plays a vital role in building muscle mass, maintaining bone strength. Also helps recovery after injury or surgery, regulates hormones, antibodies and enzymes. It may also have an antiviral effect. There is not much research on lysine deficiency. Research in rats suggests that lysine deficiency may lead to stress-induced anxiety.
- Leucine : Involved in protein synthesis, wound healing, blood sugar control, growth hormone production and metabolism. Leucine deficiency can lead to skin rashes, hair loss and fatigue.
- Isoleucine : Helps with wound healing, detoxification, immune function, blood sugar regulation, and hormone release. It is mainly present in muscle tissue and regulates energy levels. Older people may be more prone to isoleucine deficiency than younger people. A lack of isoleucine can lead to muscle wasting and shaking.
- Tryptophan : Essential for proper growth in infants and is a precursor to serotonin and melatonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates appetite, sleep, mood and pain. Melatonin also regulates sleep. Tryptophan is a sedative and is included in some sleep aids. Tryptophan deficiency can cause a condition called pellagra, which leads to dementia, skin rashes and digestive problems.
- Phenylalanine : Helps produce other amino acids as well as neurotransmitters such as dopamine and norepinephrine. The body converts phenylalanine to tyrosine, which is essential for certain brain functions. Phenylalanine deficiency, although rare, can lead to poor weight gain in children. It can also cause eczema, fatigue and memory problems in adults. Phenylalanine is often found in the artificial sweetener aspartame, which manufacturers use to make diet sodas. Large doses of aspartame can increase phenylalanine levels in the brain, causing anxiety, nervousness, and affecting sleep. People with a rare genetic disorder called phenylketonuria (PKU) are unable to metabolize phenylalanine. As a result, they should avoid eating foods that contain high levels of this amino acid.
- Threonine : Essential for healthy skin and teeth, as it is part of tooth enamel, collagen and elastin. Helps metabolize fat and may be helpful for people with indigestion, anxiety, and mild depression. A 2020 study found that threonine deficiency in fish leads to decreased resistance to disease in these animals.
- Valine : Supports brain function, muscle coordination and calmness. People can use valine supplements for muscle growth, tissue repair, and energy. Deficiency causes insomnia and decreased mental function.
- Histidine : promotes growth, blood cell creation and tissue repair. It also helps maintain a special protective coating on nerve cells called the myelin sheath. The body metabolizes histidine into histamine, which is critical for immunity, reproductive health and digestion. Studies conducted on obese women with metabolic syndrome have shown that histidine supplementation may reduce BMI and insulin resistance. Histidine deficiency can cause anemia. Low blood levels are more common in people with arthritis and kidney disease.
- Methionine : Maintains skin elasticity and helps strengthen hair and nails. It promotes the proper absorption of selenium and zinc and the removal of heavy metals such as lead and mercury.
Essential amino acids obtained from foods in the human body are critical to maintaining overall health. Deficiency of essential amino acids can cause serious side effects. Side effects affect virtually every aspect of health, including immune function, muscle mass, appetite, and more.
Unlike essential amino acids, nonessential amino acids are synthesized in the body. From this it follows that there is no need to get them from food.
There are a total of 11 nonessential amino acids:
- Arginine : stimulates immune function, relieves fatigue and optimizes heart health.
- Alanine : promotes metabolism and provides energy to the muscles, brain and central nervous system.
- Cysteine : As the main type of protein found in hair, skin and nails. Cysteine is critical for collagen production and skin health.
- Glutamate : acts as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
- Aspartate : Helps produce several other amino acids, including asparagine, arginine, and lysine.
- Glycine : Functions as a neurotransmitter to support brain health.
- Proline : Found in collagen, which promotes joint health, metabolism and skin elasticity.
- Serine : Essential for fat metabolism, immune function and muscle growth.
- Tyrosine : Helps synthesize thyroid hormones, melanin and adrenaline.
- Glutamine : Supports many metabolic processes and provides energy to cells in the body.
- Asparagine : Acts as a diuretic and optimizes brain and nerve cell function.
Some of the compounds on the list of amino acids are also considered “conditionally essential.” This means that they are not usually required by the body, but may become necessary under certain conditions. These are extreme illnesses or stress.
Amino acids are also classified into groups according to their structure and side chains. This includes:
- polar amino acids
- aromatic amino acids
- hydrophobic amino acids
- ketogenic amino acids
- basic amino acids
- acidic amino acids
Related: Citrulline Benefits the Body in Improving Blood Flow and Performance (+ Nutrition and Dosage Information)
Nonessential amino acids. Products
These types of amino acids are produced in the body during metabolism. They are extracted from other organic substances. The body can automatically switch to create the required amino acid. What foods contain non-essential amino acids? The list is below:
• arginine – oats, nuts, corn, meat, gelatin, dairy products, sesame seeds, chocolate;
• alanine – seafood, egg whites, meat, soy, legumes, nuts, corn, brown rice;
• asparagine – fish, eggs, seafood, meat, asparagus, tomatoes, nuts;
• glycine – liver, beef, gelatin, dairy products, fish, eggs;
• proline – fruit juices, dairy products, wheat, meat, eggs;
• taurine – milk, fish proteins; produced in the body from vitamin B6;
• glutamine – fish, meat, legumes, dairy products;
• serine – soy, wheat gluten, meat, dairy products, peanuts;
• carnitine – meat and offal, dairy, fish, red meat.
Functions of nonessential amino acids
Glutamic acid, whose chemical formula is C₅H₉N₁O₄, is included in proteins in living organisms and is found in some low-molecular substances, as well as in a consolidated form. A large role is intended to participate in nitrogen metabolism. Responsible for brain activity. Glutamic acid (formula C₅H₉N₁O₄) during prolonged exercise turns into glucose and helps produce energy. Glutamine plays a big role in increasing immunity, restores muscles, creates growth hormones, and accelerates metabolic processes.
Alanine is an essential source of energy for the nervous system, muscle tissue and brain. By producing antibodies, alanine strengthens the immune system; it also participates in the metabolism of organic acids and sugars and is converted into glucose in the liver. Thanks to alanine, acid-base balance is maintained.
Asparagine is a non-essential amino acid; its task is to reduce the formation of ammonia under heavy loads. Helps resist fatigue, converts carbohydrates into muscle energy. Stimulates immunity through the production of antibodies and immunoglobulins. Aspartic acid balances the processes occurring in the central nervous system, it prevents excessive inhibition and excessive excitation.
Glycine is an amino acid that provides oxygen to cell formation processes. Glycine is necessary to normalize blood sugar levels and blood pressure. Participates in the breakdown of fats and in the production of hormones responsible for the immune system.
Carnitine is an important transport agent that moves fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix. Carnitine can increase the effectiveness of antioxidants, oxidize fats, and promote their removal from the body.
Ornithine is a producer of growth hormones. This amino acid is necessary for the functioning of the immune system and liver, is involved in the production of insulin, the breakdown of fatty acids, and in the processes of urine formation.
Proline is involved in the production of collagen, which is necessary for connective tissues and bones. Supports and strengthens the heart muscle.
Serine is a cellular energy producer. Helps store glycogen in muscles and liver. Participates in strengthening the immune system, while providing it with antibodies. Stimulates the functions of the nervous system and memory.
Taurine has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular system. Allows you to control epileptic seizures. Plays an important role in controlling the aging process. Reduces fatigue, frees the body from free radicals, lowers cholesterol and blood pressure.
Conditionally essential amino acids
Cysteine helps eliminate toxic substances and takes part in the creation of muscle tissue and skin. Cysteine is a natural antioxidant that cleanses the body of chemical toxins. Stimulates the functioning of white blood cells. Contained in foods such as meat, fish, oats, wheat, soy.
The amino acid tyrosine helps fight stress and fatigue, reduces anxiety, improves mood and overall tone. Tyrosine has an antioxidant effect, which allows it to bind free radicals. Plays an important role in the metabolic process. Contained in meat and dairy products, fish.
Histidine helps tissue repair and promotes growth. Contained in hemoglobin. Helps in the treatment of allergies, arthritis, anemia and ulcers. A deficiency of this amino acid can cause hearing loss.
Lysine content in products of plant origin
Table of lysine content in products from the category - products of plant origin. The chart shows the percentage of lysine from the daily requirement, calculated based on a 100 g portion of the product.
| № | Quantity | Share of daily value per 100 g | |
| 1 | Soy Protein (Isolate) Powder | 5.3 g | 129,9% |
| 2 | Soy protein (concentrate) powder | 3.9 g | 95,8% |
| 3 | Soy protein powder | 3.6 g | 86,6% |
| 4 | Soybean cake | 3.0 g | 73,0% |
| 5 | Sunflower flour | 2.0 g | 48,2% |
| 6 | Mustard seeds ground mustard | 1.8 g | 45,0% |
| 7 | Fenugreek seeds | 1.7 g | 41,1% |
| 8 | Dry chickpeas | 1.4 g | 33,6% |
| 9 | Hemp seed | 1.3 g | 31,1% |
| 10 | Peeled pumpkin seeds | 1.2 g | 30,1% |
| 11 | Roasted pistachios (no salt) | 1.2 g | 29,0% |
| 12 | Fresh pistachios | 1.1 g | 27,8% |
| 13 | Boiled soybeans (ripe) | 1.1 g | 27,0% |
| 14 | Dill seeds | 1.0 g | 25,3% |
| 15 | Cumin seeds | 1.0 g | 25,1% |
| 16 | Sesame flour | 1.0 g | 24,1% |
| 17 | Chia seeds | 1.0 g | 23,7% |
| 18 | Poppy seeds | 1.0 g | 23,2% |
| 19 | Sunflower seeds, peeled | 0.9 g | 22,9% |
| 20 | Cashew raw | 0.9 g | 22,6% |
| 21 | Peanuts raw | 0.9 g | 22,6% |
| 22 | Tempe | 0.9 g | 22,1% |
| 23 | Flaxseed | 0.9 g | 21,0% |
| 24 | Roasted peanuts | 0.9 g | 20,7% |
| 25 | Lupine (lupine beans) cooked | 0.8 g | 20,3% |
| 26 | Roasted cashews | 0.8 g | 19,9% |
| 27 | Reveler seeds | 0.8 g | 19,7% |
| 28 | Roasted sunflower seeds (hulled) | 0.8 g | 19,4% |
| 29 | Butternut | 0.8 g | 18,8% |
| 30 | Unheated oat bran | 0.8 g | 18,5% |
| 31 | Fennel seeds | 0.8 g | 18,5% |
| 32 | Fresh sprouted soybeans | 0.8 g | 18,3% |
| 33 | Edamame cooked | 0.7 g | 18,2% |
| 34 | Soy sauce (tamari) | 0.7 g | 17,8% |
| 35 | Black Walnut | 0.7 g | 17,4% |
| 36 | Fresh sprouted lentils | 0.7 g | 17,4% |
| 37 | Dry green buckwheat | 0.7 g | 16,4% |
| 38 | Unheated rice bran | 0.7 g | 15,9% |
| 39 | Unroasted sesame | 0.7 g | 15,9% |
| 40 | Buckwheat flour | 0.6 g | 15,6% |
| 41 | Boiled variegated beans (Pinto) | 0.6 g | 15,4% |
| 42 | Lentils boiled in water | 0.6 g | 15,4% |
| 43 | Boiled pink beans | 0.6 g | 15,2% |
| 44 | Boiled black beans | 0.6 g | 14,8% |
| 45 | Boiled red beans (Kidney) | 0.6 g | 14,8% |
| 46 | Peas boiled in water (ripe) | 0.6 g | 14,7% |
| 47 | Unheated wheat bran | 0.6 g | 14,6% |
| 48 | Boiled chickpeas | 0.6 g | 14,5% |
| 49 | Fresh almonds | 0.6 g | 13,9% |
| 50 | Boiled adzuki beans | 0.6 g | 13,8% |
| 51 | Roasted almonds | 0.6 g | 13,7% |
| 52 | Roasted sesame | 0.5 g | 13,3% |
| 53 | Pine nut without shell | 0.5 g | 13,2% |
| 54 | Fermented tofu cheese (fuyu) | 0.5 g | 13,1% |
| 55 | Malted barley flour | 0.5 g | 13,0% |
| 56 | Boiled black-eyed beans | 0.5 g | 12,8% |
| 57 | Boiled white beans | 0.5 g | 12,7% |
| 58 | Dry soy tofu cheese | 0.5 g | 12,4% |
| 59 | Oregano oregano, dried | 0.5 g | 12,2% |
| 60 | Brazilian nut | 0.5 g | 12,0% |
| 61 | Boiled mung bean | 0.5 g | 12,0% |
| 62 | Boiled beans (ripe) | 0.5 g | 11,9% |
| 63 | Boiled pigeon peas | 0.5 g | 11,6% |
| 64 | Hot chili peppers dried in the sun | 0.5 g | 11,5% |
| 65 | Hard tofu cheese (linen) | 0.5 g | 11,3% |
| 66 | Walnut | 0.4 g | 10,3% |
| 67 | Roasted hazelnuts | 0.4 g | 10,3% |
| 68 | Fresh hazelnuts | 0.4 g | 10,2% |
| 69 | Potato starch | 0.4 g | 10,1% |
| 70 | Barley flour | 0.4 g | 9,5% |
| 71 | Fresh sprouted peas | 0.4 g | 9,4% |
| 72 | Turmeric spice powder | 0.4 g | 9,3% |
| 73 | Cloves (spice) seasoning powder | 0.4 g | 9,0% |
| 74 | Walnut drank | 0.4 g | 9,0% |
| 75 | Triticale flour | 0.4 g | 9,0% |
| 76 | Beechnut | 0.4 g | 9,0% |
| 77 | Fresh green beans | 0.4 g | 8,9% |
| 78 | Ground dry chili pepper | 0.4 g | 8,8% |
| 79 | Whole grain flour (wheat) | 0.4 g | 8,8% |
| 80 | Quinoa fresh | 0.4 g | 8,6% |
| 81 | Caramel | 0.3 g | 8,2% |
| 82 | Fresh green peas | 0.3 g | 7,7% |
| 83 | Boiled green beans | 0.3 g | 7,6% |
| 84 | Spirulina raw | 0.3 g | 7,6% |
| 85 | Unsweetened coconut flakes | 0.3 g | 7,4% |
| 86 | Rye bread | 0.3 g | 7,3% |
| 87 | Fresh sprouted variegated beans (Pinto) | 0.3 g | 7,3% |
| 88 | Pecan | 0.3 g | 7,0% |
| 89 | Brown rice flour | 0.3 g | 6,7% |
| 90 | Raw garlic | 0.3 g | 6,7% |
| 91 | Dry corn kernels | 0.3 g | 6,5% |
| 92 | Table mustard, paste | 0.3 g | 6,4% |
| 93 | Lotus seeds | 0.3 g | 6,4% |
| 94 | Canned green peas | 0.3 g | 6,3% |
| 95 | Rice bran bread | 0.3 g | 6,3% |
| 96 | Brown raw champignons | 0.3 g | 6,1% |
| 97 | Fresh dill | 0.2 g | 6,0% |
| 98 | Fresh sprouted wheat | 0.2 g | 6,0% |
| 99 | Ground black pepper | 0.2 g | 6,0% |
| 100 | Cinnamon powder | 0.2 g | 5,9% |
| 101 | Ginger extract powder | 0.2 g | 5,9% |
| 102 | Red beans (Kidney) sprouted fresh | 0.2 g | 5,8% |
| 103 | Quinoa boiled in water | 0.2 g | 5,8% |
| 104 | Broccoli raab cooked | 0.2 g | 5,8% |
| 105 | Chocolate cupcake with chocolate icing | 0.2 g | 5,8% |
| 106 | Wheat bran bread | 0.2 g | 5,7% |
| 107 | Dried goji berries | 0.2 g | 5,7% |
| 108 | Rye bread | 0.2 g | 5,7% |
| 109 | All-purpose wheat flour | 0.2 g | 5,6% |
| 110 | Nori seaweed, raw | 0.2 g | 5,4% |
| 111 | White corn flour (masa) | 0.2 g | 5,3% |
| 112 | Fresh cauliflower | 0.2 g | 5,3% |
| 113 | Canned corn | 0.2 g | 5,2% |
| 114 | Fresh sprouted alfalfa seeds | 0.2 g | 5,2% |
| 115 | Rye flour | 0.2 g | 5,1% |
| 116 | Pancakes | 0.2 g | 5,1% |
| 117 | Rice flour | 0.2 g | 5,0% |
| 118 | Fresh pumpkin leaves | 0.2 g | 4,9% |
| 119 | Fresh broccoli raab | 0.2 g | 4,8% |
| 120 | Yellow whole grain corn flour | 0.2 g | 4,8% |
| 121 | Boiled spinach | 0.2 g | 4,4% |
| 122 | Fresh parsley | 0.2 g | 4,4% |
| 123 | Fresh spinach | 0.2 g | 4,2% |
| 124 | Whole grain sorghum flour | 0.2 g | 4,2% |
| 125 | Buckwheat boiled in water (buckwheat porridge) | 0.2 g | 4,2% |
| 126 | Boiled wild rice | 0.2 g | 4,1% |
| 127 | Fresh sprouted mung bean | 0.2 g | 4,0% |
| 128 | Cooked cowpea (boiled) | 0.2 g | 4,0% |
| 129 | Fresh chives | 0.2 g | 4,0% |
| 130 | French fries | 0.2 g | 4,0% |
| 131 | Dried bananas | 0.2 g | 4,0% |
| 132 | Fresh peppermint | 0.2 g | 3,9% |
| 133 | Boiled broccoli | 0.2 g | 3,8% |
| 134 | Fresh Brussels sprouts | 0.2 g | 3,8% |
| 135 | Fresh coconut meat | 0.1 g | 3,6% |
| 136 | Millet flour | 0.1 g | 3,5% |
| 137 | Fresh rosemary | 0.1 g | 3,5% |
| 138 | Fresh mint | 0.1 g | 3,4% |
| 139 | Boiled corn | 0.1 g | 3,4% |
| 140 | Fresh tamarind | 0.1 g | 3,4% |
| 141 | Raw corn | 0.1 g | 3,3% |
| 142 | Fresh broccoli | 0.1 g | 3,3% |
| 143 | Raw beetroot | 0.1 g | 3,3% |
| 144 | Avocado fresh | 0.1 g | 3,2% |
| 145 | Enoki mushrooms raw | 0.1 g | 3,2% |
| 146 | Fresh amaranth leaves | 0.1 g | 3,1% |
| 147 | Raw oyster mushrooms | 0.1 g | 3,1% |
| 148 | Fresh thyme | 0.1 g | 3,1% |
| 149 | Fresh shallots | 0.1 g | 3,0% |
| 150 | Baked potatoes | 0.1 g | 2,9% |
| 151 | Fresh kale | 0.1 g | 2,9% |
| 152 | Fried champignons | 0.1 g | 2,8% |
| 153 | Boiled Brussels sprouts | 0.1 g | 2,8% |
| 154 | Fresh sorrel | 0.1 g | 2,8% |
| 155 | Boiled asparagus | 0.1 g | 2,8% |
| 156 | Raw wakame seaweed | 0.1 g | 2,7% |
| 157 | Fried portobello mushrooms | 0.1 g | 2,7% |
| 158 | Fresh basil | 0.1 g | 2,7% |
| 159 | Teff cooked | 0.1 g | 2,7% |
| 160 | Raw champignons | 0.1 g | 2,6% |
| 161 | Raw potatoes | 0.1 g | 2,6% |
| 162 | Mashed potatoes with milk and butter, prepared | 0.1 g | 2,6% |
| 163 | Boiled potatoes | 0.1 g | 2,5% |
| 164 | Raw asparagus | 0.1 g | 2,5% |
| 165 | Carrots raw (fresh) | 0.1 g | 2,5% |
| 166 | Cooked cabbage (boiled) | 0.1 g | 2,5% |
| 167 | Fresh coconut milk | 0.1 g | 2,5% |
| 168 | Boiled cauliflower | 0.1 g | 2,4% |
| 169 | Boiled long grain brown rice | 0.1 g | 2,4% |
| 170 | Fresh chard | 0.1 g | 2,4% |
| 171 | Fresh turnip tops | 0.1 g | 2,4% |
| 172 | Boiled long grain rice | 0.1 g | 2,4% |
| 173 | Fresh apricot | 0.1 g | 2,4% |
| 174 | Chestnut, peeled, fresh | 0.1 g | 2,3% |
| 175 | Fresh onion | 0.1 g | 2,3% |
| 176 | Fresh savoy cabbage | 0.1 g | 2,3% |
| 177 | Boiled burdock root | 0.1 g | 2,2% |
| 178 | Canned heart of palm | 0.1 g | 2,2% |
| 179 | Boiled green beans (asparagus) | 0.1 g | 2,2% |
| 180 | Maitake mushrooms raw | 0.1 g | 2,2% |
| 181 | Red hot fresh chili pepper | 0.1 g | 2,2% |
| 182 | Fresh Chinese cabbage | 0.1 g | 2,2% |
| 183 | Boiled brown rice | 0.1 g | 2,1% |
| 184 | Boiled rice (in water) | 0.1 g | 2,1% |
| 185 | Bulgur boiled in water (porridge) | 0.1 g | 2,1% |
| 186 | Boiled round grain rice | 0.1 g | 2,1% |
| 187 | Barley boiled in water (barley porridge) | 0.1 g | 2,0% |
| 188 | Fresh lettuce | 0.1 g | 2,0% |
| 189 | Boiled carrots | 0.1 g | 2,0% |
| 190 | Dried apricots | 0.1 g | 2,0% |
| 191 | Raw seaweed | 0.1 g | 2,0% |
| 192 | Steamed boiled rice | 0.1 g | 2,0% |
| 193 | Raw okra | 0.1 g | 2,0% |
| 194 | Boiled bamboo shoots | 0.1 g | 1,9% |
| 195 | Fresh leek | 0.1 g | 1,9% |
| 196 | Starfruit (starfruit) fresh | 0.1 g | 1,9% |
| 197 | Fresh black persimmon (sapota) | 0.1 g | 1,8% |
| 198 | Boiled glutinous (sticky) rice | 0.1 g | 1,8% |
| 199 | Couscous boiled in water | 0.1 g | 1,8% |
| 200 | Fresh guava | 0.1 g | 1,8% |
| 201 | Fresh jackfruit | 0.1 g | 1,7% |
| 202 | Fresh chicory leaves | 0.1 g | 1,6% |
| 203 | Millet boiled in water | 0.1 g | 1,6% |
| 204 | Dates Deglet nur | 0.1 g | 1,6% |
| 205 | Raw sweet potato | 0.1 g | 1,6% |
| 206 | Mango fresh | 0.1 g | 1,6% |
| 207 | Boiled onions | 0.1 g | 1,6% |
| 208 | Fresh Roman salad | 0.1 g | 1,6% |
| 209 | Fresh beet tops | 0.1 g | 1,6% |
| 210 | Fresh endive | 0.1 g | 1,5% |
| 211 | Fresh watermelon | 0.1 g | 1,5% |
| 212 | Fresh kiwi | 0.1 g | 1,5% |
| 213 | Boiled beets | 0.1 g | 1,5% |
| 214 | Fresh soursop | 0.1 g | 1,5% |
| 215 | Fresh plantains | 0.1 g | 1,5% |
| 216 | Boiled kohlrabi (cabbage) | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 217 | Escarole cooked | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 218 | Yams cooked | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 219 | Raw beets | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 220 | Cooked squash | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 221 | Raw ginger root | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 222 | Radicchio fresh | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 223 | Fresh head lettuce | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 224 | Fresh kohlrabi | 0.1 g | 1,4% |
| 225 | Dates Majul | 0.1 g | 1,3% |
| 226 | Raw pumpkin | 0.1 g | 1,3% |
| 227 | Fresh bananas | 0.1 g | 1,2% |
| 228 | Fresh red cabbage | 0.0 g | 1,2% |
| 229 | Shiitake mushrooms, cooked | 0.0 g | 1,1% |
| 230 | Fresh oranges | 0.0 g | 1,1% |
| 231 | Fresh longan | 0.0 g | 1,1% |
| 232 | Fresh persimmon | 0.0 g | 1,1% |
| 233 | Fresh red lettuce | 0.0 g | 1,1% |
| 234 | Fresh cabbage, white cabbage | 0.0 g | 1,1% |
| 235 | Boiled cabbage (white cabbage) | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 236 | Cherimoya fresh | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 237 | Leeks cooked | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 238 | Fresh lychees | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 239 | Chayote raw | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 240 | Green bell pepper, fresh | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 241 | Cooked tomatoes | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 242 | Fresh cranberries | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 243 | Sapodilla fruits fresh | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 244 | Cooked eggplant | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 245 | Fresh onions | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 246 | Boiled or baked pumpkin | 0.0 g | 1,0% |
| 247 | Feijoa fresh | 0.0 g | 0,9% |
| 248 | Canned olives | 0.0 g | 0,9% |
| 249 | Fresh breadfruit | 0.0 g | 0,9% |
| 250 | Sugar apple fresh | 0.0 g | 0,9% |
| 251 | Fresh Antillean apricot | 0.0 g | 0,9% |
| 252 | Fresh red bell pepper | 0.0 g | 0,9% |
| 253 | Turnips raw | 0.0 g | 0,9% |
| 254 | Fried or baked zucchini (without oil) | 0.0 g | 0,9% |
| 255 | Fresh radish | 0.0 g | 0,8% |
| 256 | Fresh coconut water | 0.0 g | 0,8% |
| 257 | Fresh tangerines | 0.0 g | 0,8% |
| 258 | Fresh daikon | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 259 | Fresh cantaloupe melon | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 260 | Fresh peach, pitted | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 261 | Fresh figs | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 262 | Fresh cucumbers | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 263 | Cooked turnips | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 264 | Fresh tomatoes | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 265 | Fresh celery | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 266 | Grapes (red or green) fresh | 0.0 g | 0,7% |
| 267 | Fresh strawberries | 0.0 g | 0,6% |
| 268 | Fresh pineapple | 0.0 g | 0,6% |
| 269 | Fresh elderberry | 0.0 g | 0,6% |
| 270 | Fresh papaya | 0.0 g | 0,6% |
| 271 | Fresh iceberg lettuce | 0.0 g | 0,6% |
| 272 | Fresh medlar | 0.0 g | 0,6% |
| 273 | Taro cooked tubers | 0.0 g | 0,6% |
| 274 | Fresh grapefruit | 0.0 g | 0,5% |
| 275 | Fresh melon | 0.0 g | 0,4% |
| 276 | Macadamia nut | 0.0 g | 0,4% |
| 277 | Roasted macadamia nut | 0.0 g | 0,4% |
| 278 | Fresh pear | 0.0 g | 0,4% |
| 279 | Fresh plum | 0.0 g | 0,4% |
| 280 | Fresh lime juice | 0.0 g | 0,4% |
| 281 | Fresh lime | 0.0 g | 0,3% |
| 282 | Fresh blueberries | 0.0 g | 0,3% |
| 283 | Arrowroot flour | 0.0 g | 0,3% |
| 284 | Fresh apples | 0.0 g | 0,3% |
| 285 | Canned grape juice | 0.0 g | 0,2% |
| 286 | Canned orange juice | 0.0 g | 0,2% |
| 287 | Corn starch | 0.0 g | 0,1% |
| 288 | Almond oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 289 | Hazelnut oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 290 | Walnut oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 291 | Cottonseed oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 292 | Olive oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 293 | Gin 45 degrees alcohol | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 294 | Palm oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 295 | Cacao butter | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 296 | Wheat germ oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 297 | Shea butter (karite) | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 298 | Rice bran oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 299 | Coconut oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 300 | Aspartame sugar substitute | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 301 | Corn oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 302 | Apricot oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 303 | Sesame oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 304 | Peanut butter | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 305 | Babassu oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 306 | Soybean oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 307 | Poppy oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 308 | Apple cider vinegar | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 309 | Grape seed oil | 0.0 g | 0,0% |
| 310 | Onion rings | n/a | 0,0% |
| 311 | Fennel, raw (fruit or root) | n/a | 0,0% |
| 312 | Nutmeg spice, ground | n/a | 0,0% |
| 313 | Physalis fresh | n/a | 0,0% |
| 314 | Fresh vegetable physalis | n/a | 0,0% |
| 315 | Mustard oil | n/a | 0,0% |
| 316 | Jujube (Chinese date) fresh | n/a | 0,0% |
| 317 | Fresh pomegranate | n/a | 0,0% |
| 318 | Canned pomegranate juice | n/a | 0,0% |
| 319 | Naranjilla frozen | n/a | 0,0% |
| 320 | Fresh grapefruit juice | n/a | 0,0% |
| 321 | Oat oil | n/a | 0,0% |
| 322 | Oat flour | n/a | 0,0% |
| 323 | Wood mushroom raw | n/a | 0,0% |
| 324 | Raw chanterelle mushrooms | n/a | 0,0% |
| 325 | Horseradish, ready to eat | n/a | 0,0% |
| 326 | Morel mushrooms, raw | n/a | 0,0% |
| 327 | Fresh dandelion leaves | n/a | 0,0% |
| 328 | Chicory root, raw | n/a | 0,0% |
| 329 | Instant chicory (ready-made coffee) | n/a | 0,0% |
| 330 | Canned pear juice (nectar) | n/a | 0,0% |
| 331 | Ground savory | n/a | 0,0% |
| 332 | Canned green olives | n/a | 0,0% |
| 333 | Prickly pear (fruit) fresh | n/a | 0,0% |
| 334 | Green tea without sugar, prepared | n/a | 0,0% |
| 335 | Green tea with sugar (prepared) | n/a | 0,0% |
| 336 | Black tea without sugar, prepared | n/a | 0,0% |
| 337 | Black tea with sugar and lemon (prepared) | n/a | 0,0% |
| 338 | Fresh jambolan | n/a | 0,0% |
| 339 | Durian fresh | n/a | 0,0% |
| 340 | Papaya juice (nectar) canned | n/a | 0,0% |
| 341 | Fresh blackberries | n/a | 0,0% |
| 342 | Fern (shoots) raw | n/a | 0,0% |
| 343 | Canned blackberry juice | n/a | 0,0% |
| 344 | Parsnip root raw | n/a | 0,0% |
| 345 | Ground sage | n/a | 0,0% |
| 346 | Ground allspice | n/a | 0,0% |
| 347 | Saffron spice | n/a | 0,0% |
| 348 | Jeera cumin seeds | n/a | 0,0% |
| 349 | Fresh mulberries | n/a | 0,0% |
| 350 | Seedless raisins | n/a | 0,0% |
Amino acids and protein
All proteins are created using peptide bonds with amino acids. The proteins themselves, or proteins, are high-molecular compounds that contain nitrogen. The very concept of “protein” was first introduced back in 1838 by Berzelius. The word comes from the Greek “primary”, which means the leading place of proteins in nature. Proteins give life to all life on Earth, from bacteria to the complex human body. In nature there are much more of them than all other macromolecules. Protein is the foundation of life. Proteins make up 20% of the body weight, and if you take the dry mass of the cell, then 50%. The presence of a huge number of proteins is explained by the existence of various amino acids. They, in turn, interact and create polymer molecules. The most outstanding property of proteins is their ability to create their own spatial structure. The chemical composition of protein constantly contains nitrogen - approximately 16%. The development and growth of the body completely depend on the functions of protein amino acids. Proteins cannot be replaced by other elements. Their role in the body is extremely important.
